Okutandika

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ebadde amanyiddwa okumala ebbanga eddene nga "obuyambi bw'amakolero obw'enjawulo", nga bw'alina ekifo ekikulu muokulongoosa amazzi, okuggya amafuta, okukola empapula, n'ebitundu ebirala bingi. Nga kimu ku bintu ebikulu eby'Henan sekkoEnvironmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., polyacrylamide yalaga amaanyi ag'amaanyi mu by'obukodyo n'omuwendo gw'akatale mu kuyonja amazzi ag'omusaayi olw'ebintu byayo ebirungi eby'okuyiiya, okuyiiya, okunyweza, n'okukendeeza ku kusimba. Kyokka, olw'enkulaakulana mu sayansi y'ebyuma n'eby'obuyiiya, ensalo z'okukozesa polyacrylamide ziri ziddamu okutegeezebwa mpolampola zikyuka okuva ku kyuma ekikozesebwa mu kuzimba amazzi okudda mu maaso mu kuzimba eby'obuyiiya bw'enguudo, nga kuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu bintu eby'enjawulo mu maguudo ag'amaanyi, emibug

Polyacrylamide ye polymer ey'omutindo ogusinga obulungi ey'omutindo ogusinga obulungi ey'omutindo ogusinga obulungi ey'omutindo ogusinga obulungi ey'omutindo ogusinga obulungi ey'omutindo ogusinga obulungi ey'omutindo ogusinga obulung Ebibinja ebikozesebwa mu nkola zaayo ez'obutonde busobola okunywa n'okugatta ebitundu by'ettaka, nga bikola enkola ya network ey'ebitundu bisatu eyongera nnyo ku bintu eby'ekika n'obugumu bw'ettaka. Ekitundu kino kikebera ku nkola empya ez'okukozesa polyacrylamide mu kuzimba enguudo, nga kikebera engeri ekikozesebwa kino eky'obutonde gye kikyusa enkola y'okuzimba enguudo ey'omulembe.

1. Okwongera ku Kubeera n'obutebenkevu mu bitundu eby'omu nsi: Okuva ku Kujjanjaba Ensi Enkulu Okutuuka ku Kujjanjaba Ensi Enkulu

Ekitundu kino kye kisinziiro kya pulojekiti yonna ey'oluguudo, era obusobozi bwayo obw'okutambuza n'obutebenkevu bw'amazzi bisinga butereevu obulamu bw'oluguudo n'obukuumi bw'entambula. Mu kuzimba viaduct, omusingi gw'omuliro gufuna okuteekebwa mu ttaka, era obusobozi bw'ettaka obw'okutambuza bukulu nnyo eri obukuumi n'obulamu obuwanvu bw'omuliro. Enkola z'okunyweza ez'edda ez'omutindo ogusembayo zisinga okwesigama ku bintu ebitalina butonde nga simanti ne lime. Kyokka, enkola zino si za maanyi nnyingi zokka era zifulumya carbon nnyingi naye era zitera okukola obubi bw'okozesa ebika by'ettaka ebimu eby'enjawulo.

Polyacrylamide, ng'ekika ekipya eky'ekikozesebwa mu kuteekateeka ettaka, kijjudde ekitundu kino eky'obukugu. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti oluvannyuma lw'okuteekawo PAM mu ttaka, ebitundu byayo eby'omubiri biyinza okukola ekintu ekifaanana ne gel, nga kiyamba ebitundu by'ettaka okukwatagana obulungi, n'olwekyo okwongera ku busobozi bwabwe obw'okutwala. Enkola eno ey'okulongoosa ekola obulungi nnyo ku misingi gy'ettaka eririko obulungi oba ku misingi egitali ya mutindo. Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba, banninjiniya beetaaga okugatta PAM n'amazzi n'okuyisa oba okuyisa mu ttaka. Enkola eno ey'okuzimba etali ya bulijjo tekikendeeza ku bikosa ku butonde kyokka naye era n'ekikendeeza ku biseera by'okuzimba.

Mu bitundu ebirimu ettaka eririko omunnyo, ettaka eririko obubonero bw'okusaasaanya okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu okulemesa okuzimba enguudo ennene. Okusobola okugonjoola ekizibu kino, abanoonyereza baakozesa polyacrylamide ng'ekikozesebwa mu mazzi okukyusa ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba enguudo okusinziira ku ttaka eririko omunnyo, nga kino kyongera ku nkola yaabwe ey'okuziyiza n'okuziyiza. Ebivudde mu kugezesa biraga nti ng'omuwendo gwa PAM gweyongera, omuwendo gw'amazzi n'omuwendo gw'pulasitiki gw'ebifaananyi by'ettaka ery'omunnyo gweyongera nnyo. Okunoonyereza okw'omuwendo gw'ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebi

Mu bitundu by'ettaka ebiriko ebbugumu mu biseera eby'ekiseera, enkola y'okuziyiza n'okuziyiza y'ebbugumu ekosa nnyo ebitundu ebirimu ebbugumu. Okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa mu 2024 kwalaga nti okugatta polyacrylamide n'ebikoola by'ebikoola n'ebikoola by'ebikoola bya biochar ng'ekikozesebwa mu kutereeza ettaka (BPS) kwalongoosa nnyo ebintu eby'enjawulo n'okuziyiza ebitundu eby'omu bitundu eby'omu bitund Amaanyi g'ettaka eryateekebwawo BPS ag'ennaku 28 agatalina nkomerero gatuuka ku 565.42 kPa, ate omutindo gw'okukyuka gwatuuka ku 17.24 MPa emirundi 3.36 ne 6.05 okusinga ogw'ebifaananyi ebitalina nkomerero. Omuwendo gw'okufiirwa amaanyi olw'ebikolwa by'okuziyiza n'okuziyiza gwali gwa wansi ku bitundu 49.3% okusinga ogw'ettaka ery'obutonde. Okunoonyereza kwa electron microscopy kwalaga enkola ey'okuteekawo obutebenkevu ey'emirundi esatu ey'okujjuza-okuteekawo-okunyweza, ng'ebitundu bya PAM bifulumya enkolagana ya filamentous n'ebitundu bya gel film wakati w'ebitundu by'ettaka, nga bikwatagana obulungi biochar n'ebintu eby'ekika.

2. Okutambula Ebisenge n'Ebisenge: Okufuula Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge Ebisenge

Olw'okukulaakulana kw'ebikozesebwa mu by'entambula mu China, okuzimba obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw'obukuumi bw' Ebisenge bino birina amazzi amangi, obunene bw'ebitundu ebitonotono, n'ekitundu ekinene eky'ettaka. Okufulumya obutereevu kwandibadde kuleetawo okukyusa obutonde n'okusaasaanya eby'obugagga. Engeri y'okuggyawo obulungi ebisasiro bino n'okutuuka ku kukozesa eby'obugagga kifuuse okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi mu kuzimba enguudo.

Polyacrylamide, nga erina engeri ennungi ey'okusaasaanya n'okusaasaanya amazzi, ewa eky'okuddamu ekirungi. Okunoonyereza okwekwata ku kuddamu amazzi ag'ebisaasaanyizo okuva mu kuzimba omusingi gw'ebisaasaanyizo mu kitundu ekimu eky'ekitundu kya Jiangxi kwalaga nti PAM ey'ekika kya anionic, PAM ey'ekika kya cationic, ne PAM ey'ekika kya nonionic zonna zaalaga ebikolwa ebisinga okuba eby'amaanyi mu kuddamu amazzi ku kigero kya 0.2% ku bunene. Anionic PAM yakola obulungi, ng'obuzibu obusinga obunene bukendeera okutuuka ku 20 NTU oluvannyuma lw'essaawa 2. Ebintu ebirabika obulungi byawandiikibwa mu bifo ebinene, era obunene bw'ebitundu bya D90 bweyongedde okuva ku 15.10 μm okutuuka ku 25.50 μm, okweyongera kwa 68.9%.

Mu by'obukodyo bw'ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba, okunoonyereza okw'ekika kino kwatuukiridde ku bintu ebikulu. Okusobola okugonjoola obuzibu bw'okwawula ebirime ebirimu amazzi amangi, ebirimu ettaka amangi okuva mu luguudo lw'okukuuma ebirime mu pulojekiti ya Jiangyin Second Cross-River Passage, abanoonyereza baakola okugezesa okw'enteekateeka nga bakozesa anionic polyacrylamide, polyaluminum chloride, n'ebirala ebikozesebwa mu kufulumya. Ebivudde mu kunoonyereza kwalaga nti okugatta ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko ebirungo ebiriko Okunoonyereza era kwalaga nti enkola y'okuggya amazzi mu flocculant ey'ekika kino esinga okufugibwa enkola y'okuggya amazzi mu nkola ya PAM ey'ekika kino, ekiwa omusingi gw'obwasayansi ogw'okuggya amazzi mu nkola ey'ekika kino n'okuggya amazzi mu nkola ey'ekika kino.

Ekisinga okumanyibwa kwe kuba nti obuggya bwa polyacrylamide mu kuggyawo ensozi ez'okwerinda businga nnyo "okujjanjaba" yennyini. Patenti ya "Green degradable mud flocculant and preparation method thereof" gye buvuddeko okuweebwa China Railway No.4 Engineering Group Co., Ltd. egatta polyacrylamide ne photocatalytic degradation nanomaterials. Mu mbeera ez'ekitangaala, PAM esalala esobola okusaanyuka mu molekyuli entono ezitalina kabi nga CO ₂ n'amazzi, nga gasobozesa nnyo okuggyawo ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba ebitundu ebirimu amazzi amangi okuva mu bisenge ebirimu amazzi amangi era nga bisobozesa okuteeka ekyokulabirako ku by'enfuna eby'omutindo oguyitibwa green circular economy mu kuzimba enguudo.

Mu by'obuyigirize, mu kiseera eky'okuzimba oluguudo olukulu olwa Shaanxi Meixian-Taibai, PAM yayongeddwa okulongoosa amazzi agayingira mu luguudo, nga gakola ku mazzi ag'ekika kya mita 25,400 buli lunaku. Kino kigonjoola obulungi ekizibu ky'okufulumya buli lunaku n'okutuukiriza ekisuubizo ky'obutonde bwa "tewali kyokukyusa mu kiseera ky'okuzimba".

3. Okukuuma obutonde bw'enguudo: Okuwangula okw'obukuumi bw'ebyenjigiriza n'okuzzaawo obutonde

Mu kuzimba enguudo ez'ensozi, okuddaabiriza obutonde n'okukuuma ettaka ku misongo egisinga obunene era egirimu ebbugumu kubadde kizibu. Enkola z'obuyambi ez'edda gamba nga wire mesh shotcreting zisobola okukakasa obutebenkevu bw'ekitundu mu biseera ebitono naye zifuna ebikolwa ebitono eby'obutonde n'emiganyulo egitono mu butonde. Mu bitundu eby'ettaka ebiriko ebbugumu mu biseera eby'omu kiseera, ebitundu eby'ebbugumu eby'amaanyi bifuula ebitundu eby'amayinja ebinene n'eby'amaanyi okugwa n'okugwa.

Okukozesa polyacrylamide mu kukuuma obutonde bw'obutonde bw'ebitundu ebinene n'eby'amaanyi kulaga obusobozi obunene obw'eby'obukodyo. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku kuddamu obutonde bw'ebitundu ebiriko amayinja ag'omu waggulu n'ag'omu waggulu mu bitundu eby'ettaka ebiriko ebbugumu mu biseera eby'ekiseera kyalaga nti okukozesa polyacrylamide awamu ne carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ng'ekikozesebwa mu kulongoosa ettaka kwayongera nnyo ku maanyi g'ettaka, obutebenkevu bw'amazzi Okunoonyereza kwa electron microscopy kwalaga nti ekifaananyi kya gel ekikolebwa polyacrylamide ne CMC kiwa "okugatta" n'okugatta wakati w'ebitundu by'ettaka, bwe kityo n'okwongera ku bunene bw'ettaka. Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti omuwendo ogusinga obulungi ogw'okukozesa PAM gwe gwa 3%, nga mu kiseera kino enteekateeka y'ettaka yali eyongera obulungi awatali kuziyiza kukula kw'ebimera. Okunoonyereza okw'enjawulo okw'okukozesa ettaka kwalaga nti ettaka eryatongozebwa PAM lisobola okukwatagana n'ebitundu eby'amayinja ebinene era eby'amaanyi, n'ebimera ebikulaakulana obulungi ebyali bituuka okumala emyezi etaano egy'okuziyiza n'okuziyiza era nga byeyongera awatali kulabirirwa

Okufuna ettaka ku bisenge by'ebitundu n'ebitundu by'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'ebitundu Okunoonyereza kw'enkuba ku luguudo olukulu n'ebifo eby'okusaasaanya ebirime mu Amerika kwalaga nti okukozesa anionic polyacrylamide kukendeeza ku kufiirwa kw'ettaka nga 40% okutuuka ku 54% ate n'okutumbula nnyo okutandikawo n'okukulaakulana kw'ebimera. Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti ku misongo egirimu ebbugumu ennyo naddala ku misongo egirimu ebbugumu ery'ebbugumu erya 2:1 okutuuka ku 3:1 okukozesa PAM kuwa obukuumi obulungi obw'ettaka mu kiseera ekikulu eky'okuteekawo ebimera, okukendeeza nnyo ku by'okwonooneka ku kifo n'ebbeeyi y'okuddaabiriza, awamu n'okukendeeza ku bikosa

4. Okufulumya Enzungu y'Oluguudo: Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola Enkola

Enguudo ez'okutambuza mu bitundu by'ebyamaguzi n'enguudo ez'okuzimba ez'akaseera katono ze nsibuko enkulu ez'enfuufu ezidduka. Kino kituufu naddala ku luguudo lw'okutambuza ebyamaguzi ezitwala emmotoka ez'amaanyi mu bifo ebiriko ebbugumu ery'amaanyi, ebikalu, amazzi agava ku luguudo gava nnyo, era n'ebizibu by'emmotoka bya maanyi nnyo. Okusaasaanya amazzi okw'ekika kya bulijjo okuggya enfuufu si kwa nkola entono kyokka naye era kukozesa amazzi mangi. Ebibala biraga nti enfuufu okuva mu byuma ebikozesebwa mu kutwala entambula y'esinga okufulumya enfuufu mu migodi egiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitundu ebiriko ebitund

Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kuziyiza enfuufu ebikozesebwa mu kuziyiza enfuufu nga polyacrylamide ng'ekitundu ekikulu biwa enkola ey'obutonde obulungi. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku luguudo lw'okutambuza amasannyalaze mu kibuga ky'amasannyalaze eky'omu maaso kwalaga nti ekikozesebwa mu kukendeeza enfuufu eky'omu maaso ekyakolebwa ne glycerin ng'ekikozesebwa mu kukendeeza, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate ng'ekikozesebwa mu kukendeeza, ne polyacrylamide ng'ekikozesebwa mu kukendeeza kwakola ekifaananyi ekitonotono ku luguudo ekyawaayo emirimu gy'oku Obubaka bw'okugezesebwa kw'eby'amakolero mu kisaawe bwalaga nti omuwendo gw'enfuufu n'enfuufu esobola okufumba mu bitundu ebiriko n'ebitalina by'okufumba ebiriko eddagala eryo gwali mutono nnyo okusinga ogw'ebitundu ebiriko amazzi, era byombi byali wansi w'ebiragiro by'eggwanga. Omuwendo gw'ebbugumu ly'ettaka oluvannyuma lw'okukozesa ekirungo eky'okuziyiza gwali gusukka emirundi ebiri okusinga ogw'ebitundu eby'amazzi ebikozesebwa, era ekiseera eky'okuziyiza enfuufu buli nkola kyatuuka ku nnaku 3 okutuuka ku 4. PAM yalina ekifo ekikulu mu kukwatagana kw'enfuufu enkubo zayo ez'obuwanvu ez'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by'ebitundu by

5. Okwongera ku nkola y'ebitundu bya betoni: Okufuula enguudo ezisingawo obulungi

Mu pulojekiti z'enguudo ez'omutindo ogusingawo nga viaducts ne tunnels, ebikolwa bya betoni bikosa butereevu ku mutindo gw'obuyigirize n'obukuumi. Okukozesa polyacrylamide ng'ekikozesebwa mu kwongera ku nsimbi kweyongera ku nsalo z'emirimu gy'okuzimba enguudo. PAM bw'eyongeddwa ku betoni, enkola yaayo ey'okugaziya ey'omugaso eyongera ku bunene bwa betoni era n'ekendeeza ku byetaago by'amazzi, bwe kityo n'ekendeeza ku kukendeera kwa betoni. Kino tekilongoosa kyokka amaanyi g'okuziyiza n'okuziyiza kwa betoni naye era n'okwongera obulamu bw'emirimu gy'ebikozesebwa mu kkubo.

Polyacrylamide era eriyiza amazzi okufuuka amangu nnyo okuva mu betoni mu kiseera ky'okuzimba. Kikola ekifaananyi eky'okukuuma ku nsimbi, ekikendeeza ku nkola y'okufuuka n'okuziyiza okufuuka okuva ku kufiirwa kw'ebbugumu amangu - ekintu eky'omugaso nnyo mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ebbugumu n'ey'ekikalu. Mu kiseera kye kimu, PAM eyongera ku kukwatagana kw'ekizimbe, n'ekendeeza ku bulabe bw'okusaasaanya mu kiseera ky'okuteekawo ekizimbe ekiriko obuwanvu obunene, n'olwekyo n'ewa obuyambi obupya obw'eby'obukodyo mu kutegeka obukuumi

Mu ngeri y'okulongoosa obugumu bw'ebitundu by'ettaka ebiriko simanti, abanoonyereza b'omu ggwanga nabo bakoledde enkulaakulana enkulu. Okusobola okugonjoola obutebenkevu bw'ettaka eryateekebwawo simenti, abanoonyereza baagatta polyacrylamides ezirina ebintu eby'enjawulo eby'okunywa amazzi ku musanga ogyateekebwawo simenti era ne bakozesa ebigezo eby'amaanyi g'okunywanyisa, ebigezo eby'omulembe gw'omulembe gw'omulembe gw'omulembe gw'omu Ebivudde mu kunoonyereza kwayo biraga nti okwongera kwa PAM tekikyongedde ku maanyi g'ettaka eririko simenti kyokka naye era n'okwongera ku buzibu bwayo obw'okuziyiza okw'omulembe gw'ekikalu era n'okwongera ku buzibu bwayo obw'okuziyiza okw'okuziyiza. Okunoonyereza kwa electron microscopy kwakakasa nti PAM yakola enkola ya "PAM cement paste soil particle" mu ttaka eririko simenti, nga kiwa omusingi gw'obutonde obutonotono obw'okulongoosa obutonde bw'ebyuma eby'omulembe.

6. Okulowooza n'Okufulumya

Okukozesa polyacrylamide mu kuzimba enguudo kukyuka nnyo okuva ku "ekikozesebwa eky'okuyamba" okutuuka ku "ekintu ekikola obulungi". Okutunuulira mu maaso, n'enkulaakulana ey'okweyongera mu nkola y'enkola y'obutonde n'tekinologiya w'ebintu eby'enjawulo, ebintu bya PAM eby'enjawulo bijja kweyongera okufuluma: polyacrylamide ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'enjawulo ey'

Ku by'okuzimba enguudo, omuwendo gwa polyacrylamide si mu kulongoosa omutindo gw'obunjiniya kyokka naye era n'okuwa enkola ya tekinologiya "ey'obutonde era ey'obutonde". Okuva ku kuteekateeka ebitundu eby'omu nsi okutuuka ku kunyonja ebitundu eby'omu nsi, okuva ku kukuuma ebitundu eby'omu nsi okutuuka ku kuggya enfuufu, n'okwongera ku nkola y'ebitundu eby'omu nsi, PAM ekyusa enkolagana wakati w'ebikozesebwa n'obutonde okuva Nga kkampuni ya tekinologiya omukulu eyeemalidde ku R& D n'okufulumya polyacrylamide n'ebirala ebikola ku polymer flocculants,Henan SeccoEnvironmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. ejja kweyongera okussa essira ku kitundu eky'omulembe ekya "okukuuma obutonde + ebikozesebwa". Nga tukozesa ebintu eby'omutindo ogusingawo n'enkola z'eby'obukodyo ez'enjawulo, twemalidde okuyamba okuzimba enguudo mu China okutambula mu biseera eby'omu maaso eby'obulungi,